GrippeCanadaV3, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000028

Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Identifieur interne : 000028 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000027; suivant : 000029

Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Auteurs : Danuta M. Skowronski [Canada] ; Siobhan Leir [Canada] ; Gaston De Serres [Canada] ; Michelle Murti [Canada] ; James A. Dickinson [Canada] ; Anne-Luise Winter [Canada] ; Romy Olsha [Canada] ; Matthew A. Croxen [Canada] ; Steven J. Drews [Canada] ; Hugues Charest [Canada] ; Christine Martineau [Canada] ; Suzana Sabaiduc [Canada] ; Nathalie Bastien [Canada] ; Yan Li [Canada] ; Martin Petric [Canada] ; Agatha Jassem [Canada] ; Mel Krajden [Canada] ; Jonathan B. Gubbay [Canada]

Source :

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin [ 1560-7917 ] ; 2019.

RBID : pubmed:30994107

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Canada (épidémiologie), Effet de cohorte, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Grippe humaine (virologie), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Répartition par âge, Saisons, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Sujet âgé, Surveillance sentinelle, Épidémies.
MESH :
- isolement et purification : Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A.
- virologie : Grippe humaine.
- épidémiologie : Canada, Grippe humaine.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Effet de cohorte, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Répartition par âge, Saisons, Sujet âgé, Surveillance sentinelle, Épidémies.
Wicri :
- geographic : Canada.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Canada (epidemiology), Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Effect, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (virology), Male, Middle Aged, Seasons, Sentinel Surveillance, Young Adult.
MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Canada.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype.
- virology : Influenza, Human.
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Effect, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Seasons, Sentinel Surveillance, Young Adult.

Abstract

IntroductionFindings from the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) suggest children were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic.AimTo compare the age distribution of A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 2018/19 to prior seasonal influenza epidemics in Canada.MethodsThe age distribution of unvaccinated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and test-negative controls were compared across A(H1N1)pdm09-dominant epidemics in 2018/19, 2015/16 and 2013/14 and with the general population of SPSN provinces. Similar comparisons were undertaken for influenza A(H3N2)-dominant epidemics.ResultsIn 2018/19, more influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases were under 10 years old than controls (29% vs 16%; p < 0.001). In particular, children aged 5-9 years comprised 14% of cases, greater than their contribution to controls (4%) or the general population (5%) and at least twice their contribution in 2015/16 (7%; p < 0.001) or 2013/14 (5%; p < 0.001). Conversely, children aged 10-19 years (11% of the population) were under-represented among A(H1N1)pdm09 cases versus controls in 2018/19 (7% vs 12%; p < 0.001), 2015/16 (7% vs 13%; p < 0.001) and 2013/14 (9% vs 12%; p = 0.12).ConclusionChildren under 10 years old contributed more to outpatient A(H1N1)pdm09 medical visits in 2018/19 than prior seasonal epidemics in Canada. In 2018/19, all children under 10 years old were born after the 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and therefore lacked pandemic-induced immunity. In addition, more than half those born after 2009 now attend school (i.e. 5-9-year-olds), a socio-behavioural context that may enhance transmission and did not apply during prior A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemics.

DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.15.1900104
PubMed: 30994107

Affiliations:

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Croxen, Matthew A" sort="Croxen, Matthew A" uniqKey="Croxen M" first="Matthew A" last="Croxen">Matthew A. Croxen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Martineau, Christine" sort="Martineau, Christine" uniqKey="Martineau C" first="Christine" last="Martineau">Christine Martineau</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sabaiduc, Suzana" sort="Sabaiduc, Suzana" uniqKey="Sabaiduc S" first="Suzana" last="Sabaiduc">Suzana Sabaiduc</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bastien, Nathalie" sort="Bastien, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bastien N" first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jassem, Agatha" sort="Jassem, Agatha" uniqKey="Jassem A" first="Agatha" last="Jassem">Agatha Jassem</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Krajden, Mel" sort="Krajden, Mel" uniqKey="Krajden M" first="Mel" last="Krajden">Mel Krajden</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Skowronski, Danuta M" sort="Skowronski, Danuta M" uniqKey="Skowronski D" first="Danuta M" last="Skowronski">Danuta M. Skowronski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Leir, Siobhan" sort="Leir, Siobhan" uniqKey="Leir S" first="Siobhan" last="Leir">Siobhan Leir</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="De Serres, Gaston" sort="De Serres, Gaston" uniqKey="De Serres G" first="Gaston" last="De Serres">Gaston De Serres</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quebec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laval University, Quebec, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laval University, Quebec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quebec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quebec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murti, Michelle" sort="Murti, Michelle" uniqKey="Murti M" first="Michelle" last="Murti">Michelle Murti</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Ontario, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dickinson, James A" sort="Dickinson, James A" uniqKey="Dickinson J" first="James A" last="Dickinson">James A. Dickinson</name>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Winter, Anne Luise" sort="Winter, Anne Luise" uniqKey="Winter A" first="Anne-Luise" last="Winter">Anne-Luise Winter</name>
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<wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Olsha, Romy" sort="Olsha, Romy" uniqKey="Olsha R" first="Romy" last="Olsha">Romy Olsha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Ontario, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Croxen, Matthew A" sort="Croxen, Matthew A" uniqKey="Croxen M" first="Matthew A" last="Croxen">Matthew A. Croxen</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Edmonton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Edmonton</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>University of Alberta, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Edmonton</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Charest, Hugues" sort="Charest, Hugues" uniqKey="Charest H" first="Hugues" last="Charest">Hugues Charest</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quebec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martineau, Christine" sort="Martineau, Christine" uniqKey="Martineau C" first="Christine" last="Martineau">Christine Martineau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quebec</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sabaiduc, Suzana" sort="Sabaiduc, Suzana" uniqKey="Sabaiduc S" first="Suzana" last="Sabaiduc">Suzana Sabaiduc</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bastien, Nathalie" sort="Bastien, Nathalie" uniqKey="Bastien N" first="Nathalie" last="Bastien">Nathalie Bastien</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Winnipeg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Winnipeg</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Jassem, Agatha" sort="Jassem, Agatha" uniqKey="Jassem A" first="Agatha" last="Jassem">Agatha Jassem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Krajden, Mel" sort="Krajden, Mel" uniqKey="Krajden M" first="Mel" last="Krajden">Mel Krajden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan B" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan B" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan B" last="Gubbay">Jonathan B. Gubbay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
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<series><title level="j">Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1560-7917</idno>
<imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date>
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<term>Adult</term>
<term>Age Distribution</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Canada (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Cohort Effect</term>
<term>Epidemics</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Seasons</term>
<term>Sentinel Surveillance</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
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<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Canada (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Effet de cohorte</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Répartition par âge</term>
<term>Saisons</term>
<term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Surveillance sentinelle</term>
<term>Épidémies</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term>
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<term>Grippe humaine</term>
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<term>Adult</term>
<term>Age Distribution</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Cohort Effect</term>
<term>Epidemics</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Seasons</term>
<term>Sentinel Surveillance</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Effet de cohorte</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Répartition par âge</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">IntroductionFindings from the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) suggest children were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic.AimTo compare the age distribution of A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 2018/19 to prior seasonal influenza epidemics in Canada.MethodsThe age distribution of unvaccinated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and test-negative controls were compared across A(H1N1)pdm09-dominant epidemics in 2018/19, 2015/16 and 2013/14 and with the general population of SPSN provinces. Similar comparisons were undertaken for influenza A(H3N2)-dominant epidemics.ResultsIn 2018/19, more influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases were under 10 years old than controls (29% vs 16%; p < 0.001). In particular, children aged 5-9 years comprised 14% of cases, greater than their contribution to controls (4%) or the general population (5%) and at least twice their contribution in 2015/16 (7%; p < 0.001) or 2013/14 (5%; p < 0.001). Conversely, children aged 10-19 years (11% of the population) were under-represented among A(H1N1)pdm09 cases versus controls in 2018/19 (7% vs 12%; p < 0.001), 2015/16 (7% vs 13%; p < 0.001) and 2013/14 (9% vs 12%; p = 0.12).ConclusionChildren under 10 years old contributed more to outpatient A(H1N1)pdm09 medical visits in 2018/19 than prior seasonal epidemics in Canada. In 2018/19, all children under 10 years old were born after the 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and therefore lacked pandemic-induced immunity. In addition, more than half those born after 2009 now attend school (i.e. 5-9-year-olds), a socio-behavioural context that may enhance transmission and did not apply during prior A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemics.</div>
</front>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1560-7917</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>24</Volume>
<Issue>15</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>Apr</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Euro Surveill.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.15.1900104</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>IntroductionFindings from the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) suggest children were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic.AimTo compare the age distribution of A(H1N1)pdm09 cases in 2018/19 to prior seasonal influenza epidemics in Canada.MethodsThe age distribution of unvaccinated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases and test-negative controls were compared across A(H1N1)pdm09-dominant epidemics in 2018/19, 2015/16 and 2013/14 and with the general population of SPSN provinces. Similar comparisons were undertaken for influenza A(H3N2)-dominant epidemics.ResultsIn 2018/19, more influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases were under 10 years old than controls (29% vs 16%; p < 0.001). In particular, children aged 5-9 years comprised 14% of cases, greater than their contribution to controls (4%) or the general population (5%) and at least twice their contribution in 2015/16 (7%; p < 0.001) or 2013/14 (5%; p < 0.001). Conversely, children aged 10-19 years (11% of the population) were under-represented among A(H1N1)pdm09 cases versus controls in 2018/19 (7% vs 12%; p < 0.001), 2015/16 (7% vs 13%; p < 0.001) and 2013/14 (9% vs 12%; p = 0.12).ConclusionChildren under 10 years old contributed more to outpatient A(H1N1)pdm09 medical visits in 2018/19 than prior seasonal epidemics in Canada. In 2018/19, all children under 10 years old were born after the 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and therefore lacked pandemic-induced immunity. In addition, more than half those born after 2009 now attend school (i.e. 5-9-year-olds), a socio-behavioural context that may enhance transmission and did not apply during prior A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemics.</AbstractText>
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<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skowronski</LastName>
<ForeName>Danuta M</ForeName>
<Initials>DM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leir</LastName>
<ForeName>Siobhan</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<ForeName>Gaston</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laval University, Quebec, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<ForeName>Michelle</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<ForeName>James A</ForeName>
<Initials>JA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<ForeName>Anne-Luise</ForeName>
<Initials>AL</Initials>
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</AffiliationInfo>
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<ForeName>Romy</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Croxen</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthew A</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drews</LastName>
<ForeName>Steven J</ForeName>
<Initials>SJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<ForeName>Hugues</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martineau</LastName>
<ForeName>Christine</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sabaiduc</LastName>
<ForeName>Suzana</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bastien</LastName>
<ForeName>Nathalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName>
<ForeName>Yan</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Petric</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jassem</LastName>
<ForeName>Agatha</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krajden</LastName>
<ForeName>Mel</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gubbay</LastName>
<ForeName>Jonathan B</ForeName>
<Initials>JB</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation>
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<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
</country>
<region><li>Alberta</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Calgary</li>
<li>Toronto</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Calgary</li>
<li>Université de Toronto</li>
</orgName>
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<tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Skowronski, Danuta M" sort="Skowronski, Danuta M" uniqKey="Skowronski D" first="Danuta M" last="Skowronski">Danuta M. Skowronski</name>
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<name sortKey="Croxen, Matthew A" sort="Croxen, Matthew A" uniqKey="Croxen M" first="Matthew A" last="Croxen">Matthew A. Croxen</name>
<name sortKey="Croxen, Matthew A" sort="Croxen, Matthew A" uniqKey="Croxen M" first="Matthew A" last="Croxen">Matthew A. Croxen</name>
<name sortKey="De Serres, Gaston" sort="De Serres, Gaston" uniqKey="De Serres G" first="Gaston" last="De Serres">Gaston De Serres</name>
<name sortKey="De Serres, Gaston" sort="De Serres, Gaston" uniqKey="De Serres G" first="Gaston" last="De Serres">Gaston De Serres</name>
<name sortKey="De Serres, Gaston" sort="De Serres, Gaston" uniqKey="De Serres G" first="Gaston" last="De Serres">Gaston De Serres</name>
<name sortKey="Dickinson, James A" sort="Dickinson, James A" uniqKey="Dickinson J" first="James A" last="Dickinson">James A. Dickinson</name>
<name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name>
<name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name>
<name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan B" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan B" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan B" last="Gubbay">Jonathan B. Gubbay</name>
<name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan B" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan B" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan B" last="Gubbay">Jonathan B. Gubbay</name>
<name sortKey="Jassem, Agatha" sort="Jassem, Agatha" uniqKey="Jassem A" first="Agatha" last="Jassem">Agatha Jassem</name>
<name sortKey="Jassem, Agatha" sort="Jassem, Agatha" uniqKey="Jassem A" first="Agatha" last="Jassem">Agatha Jassem</name>
<name sortKey="Krajden, Mel" sort="Krajden, Mel" uniqKey="Krajden M" first="Mel" last="Krajden">Mel Krajden</name>
<name sortKey="Krajden, Mel" sort="Krajden, Mel" uniqKey="Krajden M" first="Mel" last="Krajden">Mel Krajden</name>
<name sortKey="Leir, Siobhan" sort="Leir, Siobhan" uniqKey="Leir S" first="Siobhan" last="Leir">Siobhan Leir</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Yan" sort="Li, Yan" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yan" last="Li">Yan Li</name>
<name sortKey="Martineau, Christine" sort="Martineau, Christine" uniqKey="Martineau C" first="Christine" last="Martineau">Christine Martineau</name>
<name sortKey="Murti, Michelle" sort="Murti, Michelle" uniqKey="Murti M" first="Michelle" last="Murti">Michelle Murti</name>
<name sortKey="Murti, Michelle" sort="Murti, Michelle" uniqKey="Murti M" first="Michelle" last="Murti">Michelle Murti</name>
<name sortKey="Olsha, Romy" sort="Olsha, Romy" uniqKey="Olsha R" first="Romy" last="Olsha">Romy Olsha</name>
<name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name>
<name sortKey="Sabaiduc, Suzana" sort="Sabaiduc, Suzana" uniqKey="Sabaiduc S" first="Suzana" last="Sabaiduc">Suzana Sabaiduc</name>
<name sortKey="Skowronski, Danuta M" sort="Skowronski, Danuta M" uniqKey="Skowronski D" first="Danuta M" last="Skowronski">Danuta M. Skowronski</name>
<name sortKey="Winter, Anne Luise" sort="Winter, Anne Luise" uniqKey="Winter A" first="Anne-Luise" last="Winter">Anne-Luise Winter</name>
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Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Children under 10 years of age were more affected by the 2018/19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 epidemic in Canada: ‎possible cohort effect following the 2009 influenza pandemic.

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